Since the Industrial Revolution era began, global warming, Arctic sea ice melting, and increasing sea-level rise are likely attributed to human activity, according to the IPCC AR6 report. The climate change response to external forces (including human activity) is non-linear and is affected by internal variabilities (IVs) generated mainly from internal processes in the climate or Earth system. Recently, scientists have found that IVs, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation or Inter-decadal Pacific Oscillation, and the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation, will greatly impact the Walker Circulation and Global Monsoon throughout the next three decades. IVs are also important sources of uncertainties in understanding historical climate change, especially at the regional scale. Put succinctly, IVs are useful for studying climate change, developing mitigation strategies, and providing guidance for policy makers.Since the Industrial Revolution era began, global warming, Arctic sea ice melting, and increasing sea-level rise are likely attributed to human activity, according to the IPCC AR6 report. The climate change response to external forces (including human activity) is non-linear and is affected by internal variabilities (IVs) generated mainly from internal processes in the climate or Earth system. Recently, scientists have found that IVs, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation or Inter-decadal Pacific Oscillation, and the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation, will greatly impact the Walker Circulation and Global Monsoon throughout the next three decades. IVs are also important sources of uncertainties in understanding historical climate change, especially at the regional scale. Put succinctly, IVs are useful for studying climate change, developing mitigation strategies, and providing guidance for policy makers.Read More